Frequently Asked Questions
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 3120/46-6000
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
When the grandmother’s children are alive, her grandchildren do not have a legal right to inherit. Likewise, any children who passed away during the grandmother's lifetime are not entitled to a share of the inheritance. As such, your father does not qualify for a portion of his mother’s property. Moreover, if the grandmother verbally expressed an intention to give something to her grandchildren but did not actually transfer it, this intention holds no legal weight. However, if the other heirs show their morality to their late brother's children after the distribution of the inheritance and offer them of their shares, it would be a commendable and worth rewarding act.
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 3082/46-4975
الجواب
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم:۔ میت کی وفات کے وقت جو ورثہ موجود تھے، ان کو وراثت میں حصہ ملے گا اور میت کے انتقال سے پہلے جن کا انتقال ہوگیا ان کو وراثت میں حصہ نہیں ملے گا۔ بشرط صحت سوال صورت مسئولہ میں دو بیٹے اور ایک بیٹی اور ایک بیوی کے درمیان کل ترکہ تقسیم ہوگا۔ مرحوم (سسر) کا کل ترکہ 40 حصوں میں تقسیم کریں گے، جن میں سے پانچ حصے، موجود بیوی کو، 14 چودہ حصے دونوں بیویوں سے ہر ایک بیٹے کو ملیں گے، اور 7 حصے مرحومہ بیٹی کا حق ہیں جو باپ کے انتقال کے وقت با حیات تھی اور یہ سات حصے اس کی اولاد اور شرعی ورثہ میں حسب ضابطہ تقسیم ہوں گے۔ مرحومہ بیٹی کے ورثاء کی تفصیل لکھ کر دوبارہ سوال کیاجاسکتاہے۔
واللہ اعلم بالصواب
دارالافتاء
دارالعلوم وقف دیوبندDeath / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 2998/46-4770
الجواب
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم:۔ والدین کا اپنی نافرمان اولاد کو میراث کا حقدار ہونے سے نااہل قرار دینا شرعا درست نہیں ہے۔ لہذا والدین نے اگر کسی کو عاق کیا ہے تب بھی والدین کی وفات کے بعد دیگر اولاد کی طرح وہ نافرمان بیٹا بھی برابر کا حقدار ہوگا؛ اس کو والدین کے مرنے کے بعد وراثت سے محروم کردینا گناہ ہے۔ البتہ اگرباپ اپنی زندگی میں اپنی فرمانبردار اولاد کی خدمت سے خوش ہو کر ان کو کچھ دیدے اور مالک بنادے تو پھر اس حصہ میں دوسروں کا کوئی حق نہیں ہوگا، ہاں یہ بھی خیال رہے کہ ہبہ اپنی تمام شرطوں کے ساتھ پورا ہوا ہو۔
ولوکان ولدہ فاسقا واراد ان یصرف مالہ الی وجوہ الخیر ویحرمہ عن المیراث ھذا خیر من ترکہ کذا فی الخلاصۃ (فتاوی امدادیہ 3/100) وفی الدر المختار ولو کان ولدہ مسیئا دون البعض لزیادۃ رشدہ لا باس بہ ولوکان سواء یجوز فی القضاء ولکن ھو آثم (مجموعۃ الفتاویٰ 4/393) الارث جبری لا یسقط بالاسقاط (تکملۃ رد المحتار 5/505، کتاب الدعوی باب التحالف ، فصل فی دفع الدعاوی 7/505)
واللہ اعلم بالصواب
دارالافتاء
دارالعلوم وقف دیوبند
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 2973/45-4710
Answer
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
The total inheritance of the deceased will be distributed equally among his three sons only; the children of the deceased's daughter have no share in it. However, if they are in need, the sons should take care of their sister’s children. By helping them out, they will be rewarded double In-sha Allah.
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 2963/46-4761
ANSWER
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
The right of the deceased's heirs in the property of the deceased person is proved by the Islamic Shari'ah, and there is no need for any of them to claim it. It is necessary for every distributor to give all the beneficiaries their rights, while distributing the inheritance, and he has to receive only whatever his own right is, and leave the right of other heirs so that they can get their rights. If any property is not already distributed, it should be distributed as soon as possible. In the case mentioned above, all his children have the right to the land inherited by the grandfather. Therefore, just as two sons deserve inheritance, his four daughters also deserve inheritance. Now when after the death of the grandfather, all the uncles and paternal aunties are also dead, their rights that they have received from their ancestral property should be handed over to their children and they will distribute it among them according to Shari'ah.
Although their names are not included in the worldly documents, but their right is determined by Allah in the Quran, it cannot be removed by the customs of the world. Therefore, the children of the paternal aunts should be given their right and they should be told that this is their Shariah right, and this is the amount, and they should be given full authority to occupy their share. Nevertheless, whoever refuses to take his/her share, his share should be distributed among the other heirs according to the Shariah method. Those who unjustly eat the wealth of others and do not distribute the inheritance according to Shariah will be questioned on the Day of Judgment.
قال اللہ تعالیٰ:{ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا (11} [النساء: 11] "عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «ألا من ظلم معاهدا، أو انتقصه، أو كلفه فوق طاقته، أو أخذ منه شيئا بغير طيب نفس، فأنا حجيجه يوم القيامة»" سنن أبي داود (3/ 171) قالَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - : "(وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَتْ الْوَرَثَةُ احَدَهُمْ عَنْ عَرَضٍ أَوْ عَقَارٍ بِمَالٍ، أَوْ عَنْ ذَهَبٍ بِفِضَّةٍ، أَوْ بِالْعَكْسِ) أَيْ عَنْ فِضَّةٍ بِذَهَبٍ (صَحَّ قَلَّ، أَوْ كَثُرَ) يَعْنِي قَلَّ مَا أَعْطَوْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْمُبَادَلَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ صُلْحٌ عَنْ عَيْنٍ وَلَا يُمْكِنُ حَمْلُهُ عَلَى الْإِبْرَاءِ إذْ لَا دَيْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ عَنْ الْعَيْنِ۔ "تبيين الحقائق شرح كنز الدقائق وحاشية الشلبي (5/ 49) وقال العلامۃ الشبلی –رحمہ اللہ- : " قَالَ الْأَتْقَانِيُّ مَعْنَى التَّخَارُجِ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا أَخَّرَ هَذَا الْفَصْلَ لِقِلَّةِ وُقُوعِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ لَا يَرْضَى بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ بِشَيْءٍ يَأْخُذُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الظَّاهِرَ أَنَّ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ دُونَ نَصِيبِهِ. اهـ. (قَوْلُهُ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ) أَيْ؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِبْرَاءَ عَنْ الْأَعْيَانِ غَيْرِ الْمَضْمُونَةِ لَا يَصِحُّ. اهـ " حاشية الشلبي (5/ 49)
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 2963/46-4761
ANSWER
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
The right of the deceased's heirs in the property of the deceased person is proved by the Islamic Shari'ah, and there is no need for any of them to claim it. It is necessary for every distributor to give all the beneficiaries their rights, while distributing the inheritance, and he has to receive only whatever his own right is, and leave the right of other heirs so that they can get their rights. If any property is not already distributed, it should be distributed as soon as possible. In the case mentioned above, all his children have the right to the land inherited by the grandfather. Therefore, just as two sons deserve inheritance, his four daughters also deserve inheritance. Now when after the death of the grandfather, all the uncles and paternal aunties are also dead, their rights that they have received from their ancestral property should be handed over to their children and they will distribute it among them according to Shari'ah.
Although their names are not included in the worldly documents, but their right is determined by Allah in the Quran, it cannot be removed by the customs of the world. Therefore, the children of the paternal aunts should be given their right and they should be told that this is their Shariah right, and this is the amount, and they should be given full authority to occupy their share. Nevertheless, whoever refuses to take his/her share, his share should be distributed among the other heirs according to the Shariah method. Those who unjustly eat the wealth of others and do not distribute the inheritance according to Shariah will be questioned on the Day of Judgment.
قال اللہ تعالیٰ:{ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا (11} [النساء: 11] "عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «ألا من ظلم معاهدا، أو انتقصه، أو كلفه فوق طاقته، أو أخذ منه شيئا بغير طيب نفس، فأنا حجيجه يوم القيامة»" سنن أبي داود (3/ 171) قالَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - : "(وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَتْ الْوَرَثَةُ احَدَهُمْ عَنْ عَرَضٍ أَوْ عَقَارٍ بِمَالٍ، أَوْ عَنْ ذَهَبٍ بِفِضَّةٍ، أَوْ بِالْعَكْسِ) أَيْ عَنْ فِضَّةٍ بِذَهَبٍ (صَحَّ قَلَّ، أَوْ كَثُرَ) يَعْنِي قَلَّ مَا أَعْطَوْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْمُبَادَلَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ صُلْحٌ عَنْ عَيْنٍ وَلَا يُمْكِنُ حَمْلُهُ عَلَى الْإِبْرَاءِ إذْ لَا دَيْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ عَنْ الْعَيْنِ۔ "تبيين الحقائق شرح كنز الدقائق وحاشية الشلبي (5/ 49) وقال العلامۃ الشبلی –رحمہ اللہ- : " قَالَ الْأَتْقَانِيُّ مَعْنَى التَّخَارُجِ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا أَخَّرَ هَذَا الْفَصْلَ لِقِلَّةِ وُقُوعِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ لَا يَرْضَى بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ بِشَيْءٍ يَأْخُذُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الظَّاهِرَ أَنَّ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ دُونَ نَصِيبِهِ. اهـ. (قَوْلُهُ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ) أَيْ؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِبْرَاءَ عَنْ الْأَعْيَانِ غَيْرِ الْمَضْمُونَةِ لَا يَصِحُّ. اهـ " حاشية الشلبي (5/ 49)
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 1048/41-213
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
Parents devote their life to upbringing their children, so it is duty of children to respect the emotions of their parents at any cost. However, whatever you possess in your lifetime is your own property and you have full right to do what and how you wish to do with your wealth. You have full right to give it to whom you like and don’t give whom you dislike, but evicting a child from property is not recommended and sometimes it is not considered to be legitimate in shariah.
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 1860/43-1715
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
In father’s property after his death, the son gets double share and daughter gets single share. So, if the legal heirs are only one son and four daughters, then the entire property left by father shall be divided into six shares, out of which two shares shall go to the son, and each daughter will get one share.
لقوله تعالى: يُوصِيكُمُ اللّهُ فِي أَوْلاَدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَيْنِ . [النساء : 11
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband
Death / Inheritance & Will
Death / Inheritance & Will
Ref. No. 1045/41-217
In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful
The answer to your question is as follows:
Maximum 7 shares could be in a big animal slaughtered in Qurbani. In a small animal there must be only one share. A goat cannot be slaughtered in the name of more than one person. However, if a person offers a goat in qurbani in his name and sends its rewards to the persons mentioned above by you, there is nothing wrong in doing so.
And Allah knows best
Darul Ifta
Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband