Ref. No. 2963/46-4761

ANSWER

In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful

The answer to your question is as follows:

The right of the deceased's heirs in the property of the deceased person is proved by the Islamic Shari'ah, and there is no need for any of them to claim it. It is necessary for every distributor to give all the beneficiaries their rights, while distributing the inheritance, and he has to receive only whatever his own right is, and leave the right of other heirs so that they can get their rights.  If any property is not already distributed, it should be distributed as soon as possible. In the case mentioned above, all his children have the right to the land inherited by the grandfather. Therefore, just as two sons deserve inheritance, his four daughters also deserve inheritance. Now when after the death of the grandfather, all the uncles and paternal aunties are also dead, their rights that they have received from their ancestral property should be handed over to their children and they will distribute it among them according to Shari'ah.

Although their names are not included in the worldly documents, but their right is determined by Allah in the Quran, it cannot be removed by the customs of the world. Therefore, the children of the paternal aunts should be given their right and they should be told that this is their Shariah right, and this is the amount, and they should be given full authority to occupy their share. Nevertheless, whoever refuses to take his/her share, his share should be distributed among the other heirs according to the Shariah method.  Those who unjustly eat the wealth of others and do not distribute the inheritance according to Shariah will be questioned on the Day of Judgment.

قال اللہ تعالیٰ:{ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا (11} [النساء: 11] "عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «ألا من ظلم معاهدا، أو انتقصه، أو كلفه فوق طاقته، أو أخذ منه شيئا بغير طيب نفس، فأنا حجيجه يوم القيامة»" سنن أبي داود (3/ 171) قالَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - : "(وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَتْ الْوَرَثَةُ احَدَهُمْ عَنْ عَرَضٍ أَوْ عَقَارٍ بِمَالٍ، أَوْ عَنْ ذَهَبٍ بِفِضَّةٍ، أَوْ بِالْعَكْسِ) أَيْ عَنْ فِضَّةٍ بِذَهَبٍ (صَحَّ قَلَّ، أَوْ كَثُرَ) يَعْنِي قَلَّ مَا أَعْطَوْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْمُبَادَلَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ صُلْحٌ عَنْ عَيْنٍ وَلَا يُمْكِنُ حَمْلُهُ عَلَى الْإِبْرَاءِ إذْ لَا دَيْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ عَنْ الْعَيْنِ۔ "تبيين الحقائق شرح كنز الدقائق وحاشية الشلبي (5/ 49) وقال العلامۃ الشبلی –رحمہ اللہ- : " قَالَ الْأَتْقَانِيُّ مَعْنَى التَّخَارُجِ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا أَخَّرَ هَذَا الْفَصْلَ لِقِلَّةِ وُقُوعِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ لَا يَرْضَى بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ بِشَيْءٍ يَأْخُذُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الظَّاهِرَ أَنَّ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ دُونَ نَصِيبِهِ. اهـ. (قَوْلُهُ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ) أَيْ؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِبْرَاءَ عَنْ الْأَعْيَانِ غَيْرِ الْمَضْمُونَةِ لَا يَصِحُّ. اهـ " حاشية الشلبي (5/ 49)

And Allah knows best

 Darul Ifta

Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband

Ref. No. 2963/46-4761

ANSWER

In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful

The answer to your question is as follows:

The right of the deceased's heirs in the property of the deceased person is proved by the Islamic Shari'ah, and there is no need for any of them to claim it. It is necessary for every distributor to give all the beneficiaries their rights, while distributing the inheritance, and he has to receive only whatever his own right is, and leave the right of other heirs so that they can get their rights.  If any property is not already distributed, it should be distributed as soon as possible. In the case mentioned above, all his children have the right to the land inherited by the grandfather. Therefore, just as two sons deserve inheritance, his four daughters also deserve inheritance. Now when after the death of the grandfather, all the uncles and paternal aunties are also dead, their rights that they have received from their ancestral property should be handed over to their children and they will distribute it among them according to Shari'ah.

Although their names are not included in the worldly documents, but their right is determined by Allah in the Quran, it cannot be removed by the customs of the world. Therefore, the children of the paternal aunts should be given their right and they should be told that this is their Shariah right, and this is the amount, and they should be given full authority to occupy their share. Nevertheless, whoever refuses to take his/her share, his share should be distributed among the other heirs according to the Shariah method.  Those who unjustly eat the wealth of others and do not distribute the inheritance according to Shariah will be questioned on the Day of Judgment.

قال اللہ تعالیٰ:{ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا (11} [النساء: 11] "عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «ألا من ظلم معاهدا، أو انتقصه، أو كلفه فوق طاقته، أو أخذ منه شيئا بغير طيب نفس، فأنا حجيجه يوم القيامة»" سنن أبي داود (3/ 171) قالَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - : "(وَإِنْ أَخْرَجَتْ الْوَرَثَةُ احَدَهُمْ عَنْ عَرَضٍ أَوْ عَقَارٍ بِمَالٍ، أَوْ عَنْ ذَهَبٍ بِفِضَّةٍ، أَوْ بِالْعَكْسِ) أَيْ عَنْ فِضَّةٍ بِذَهَبٍ (صَحَّ قَلَّ، أَوْ كَثُرَ) يَعْنِي قَلَّ مَا أَعْطَوْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ يُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْمُبَادَلَةِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ صُلْحٌ عَنْ عَيْنٍ وَلَا يُمْكِنُ حَمْلُهُ عَلَى الْإِبْرَاءِ إذْ لَا دَيْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ عَنْ الْعَيْنِ۔ "تبيين الحقائق شرح كنز الدقائق وحاشية الشلبي (5/ 49) وقال العلامۃ الشبلی –رحمہ اللہ- : " قَالَ الْأَتْقَانِيُّ مَعْنَى التَّخَارُجِ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا أَخَّرَ هَذَا الْفَصْلَ لِقِلَّةِ وُقُوعِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ لَا يَرْضَى بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْ الْبَيْنِ بِشَيْءٍ يَأْخُذُهُ؛ لِأَنَّ الظَّاهِرَ أَنَّ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ دُونَ نَصِيبِهِ. اهـ. (قَوْلُهُ وَلَا يُتَصَوَّرُ الْإِبْرَاءُ) أَيْ؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِبْرَاءَ عَنْ الْأَعْيَانِ غَيْرِ الْمَضْمُونَةِ لَا يَصِحُّ. اهـ " حاشية الشلبي (5/ 49)

And Allah knows best

 Darul Ifta

Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband