Ref. No. 3417/46-9292

In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful

The answer to your question is as follows:

Every individual has full authority over their property during their lifetime and may distribute it to whomever they wish, in any proportion they choose. Therefore, if a father distributes his property while still alive, he has the right to do so—even if the distribution is unequal—and such a distribution is valid under Islamic law. Nevertheless, equal treatment among heirs is recommended and preferable.

If certain sons assisted their father—while living with him—in constructing a house or acquiring property, their contribution is regarded as an act of goodwill and generosity (tabarru‘). After the father's passing, all sons, including the one who contributed, will inherit equally from those properties.

However, if a son independently built a separate house or purchased property with his own resources, that property will be considered his personal asset, and the other siblings will have no claim to it.

للإنسان أن يتصرف في ماله كيف شاء حال حياته، ما دام عاقلاً بالغاً." (الدر المختار مع رد المحتار (6/62)

"الهبة تنعقد بالإيجاب والقبول والقبض، وتملك بالقبض." (بدائع الصنائع (6/126)

"ويجوز تفضيل بعض الأولاد على بعض في العطية، وإن كان خلاف الأولى."  (رد المحتار (6/61)

"من أنفق على مال غيره بدون إذنه أو بدون عقد، فلا يملك شيئاً." (الدر المختار (5/102)

And Allah knows best

Darul Ifta

Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband

Ref. No. 3416/46-9291

الجواب

بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم: ۔      ایک پارے کے نصف  آخر  کو پہلی دس رکعتوں میں پڑھنا اور نصف اول کو بعد کی دس رکعتوں میں پڑھنے میں کوئی حرج نہیں ہے، تاہم اس کی عادت بنالینا مناسب   نہیں ہے۔

واللہ اعلم بالصواب

دارالافتاء

دارالعلوم وقف دیوبند

Ref. No. 3415/46-9290

In the name of Allah the most Gracious the most Merciful

The answer to your question is as follows:

(1) If the seller has clearly disclosed certain defects of the item (mabi‘) at the time of sale, then returning the item due to those disclosed defects is not valid. If a buyer returns the item later based on the same defects that were already explained at the time of the contract, the seller is not obligated to accept the return and refund the payment as per Shariah. However, if the seller takes the item back and refunds the money, it would be better in the light of shariah.

(2) If the buyer has already seen the item (mabi‘), the right of cancellation based on inspection (khiyār al-ru’yah) is no longer applicable. However, if a defect becomes apparent later, the buyer will have the right of cancellation based on defect (khiyār al-‘ayb).

(3) Since there is often a difference between the appearance of an item in online photos and its reality, merely seeing an item in pictures does not revoke the right of inspection (khiyār al-ru’yah). Therefore, after receiving the item, the buyer retains the right to inspect it and may choose to return it. However, if the defect has been clearly described in the pictures or written in description, then the buyer does not have the right to return the item on the basis of that defect.

وإن باعه على أنه بريء من كل عيب لا يرد به." ( الهداية، کتاب البيوع، ج3، ص82)

"وَإِنْ بَاعَهُ مَعَ بَيَانِ الْعَيْبِ لَا خِيَارَ لَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ تَصَرَّفَ عَلَى بَيَانِ الْعَيْبِ فَرَضِيَ بِهِ، فَسَقَطَ خِيَارُهُ."( بدائع،ج5، ص201)

"وَلَا خِيَارَ فِي الْمَعِيبِ إِذَا بَيَّنَ لَهُ الْبَائِعُ، لِأَنَّهُ اشْتَرَاهُ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ بِالْعَيْبِ." ( البحر الرائق، ج6، ص 77)

"وَلِمَنْ اشْتَرَى شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يَرَهُ فلہ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ إِذَا رَآهُ، إِذَا لَمْ يُوَافِقْ وَصْفَهُ." (الهداية، ج3، ص83)

And Allah knows best

Darul Ifta

Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband

Ref. No. 3408/46-9302

الجواب

بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم: ۔     زکوٰۃ صرف ان لوگوں کو دی جا سکتی ہے جو "فقیر" یا "مسکین" ہوں۔ یعنی جن کے پاس نصاب کی مقدار سے کم مال ہو (یعنی تقریباً ساڑھے 52 تولہ چاندی کی مالیت جتنا سونا/چاندی/رقم یا سامانِ تجارت نہ ہو) ، صرف بیوہ ہونا مستحق زکوۃ ہونے کے لئے کافی نہیں ہے۔ بیوہ عورت کے پاس جو سونا یا دیگر زائد اشیا موجود ہیں ان کو بیچ کر اپنا خرچ چلائے ۔ زیورات  اگر نصاب کی مقدار کے برابر ہیں تو اس کے لئے مستقل آمدنی نہ ہونے کی بنا پر زکوۃ لینا جائز نہیں ہوجائےگا۔ بلکہ صاحب نصاب ہونے کی وجہ سے خود اس پر زکوۃ کی ادائیگی فرض ہے۔

"أعلمهم أن الله افترض عليهم صدقة تؤخذ من أغنيائهم وترد على فقرائهم."(بخاری، حدیث: 1395)

"من كان مالكًا للنصاب فلا تحل له الزكاة..." (رد المحتار، ج 2، ص 342)

ولا يجوز دفع الزكاة إلى من يملك نصابًا فاضلًا عن حاجته الأصلية." (الفتاویٰ الهندیة، جلد 1، ص 188)

واللہ اعلم بالصواب

دارالافتاء

دارالعلوم وقف دیوبند

Ref. No. 3406/46-9304

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

The answer to your question is as follows:

If a pilgrim unknowingly passed through Muzdalifah before Fajr and performed the Wuquf (obligatory stay) at Mina and later realized that they did not stay at Muzdalifah at all, a wājib (obligatory act) of Hajj has been missed. This is because staying in Muzdalifah for some time after Fajr is a required obligation of Hajj.

Therefore: If you did not enter Muzdalifah at all and instead offered the Fajr prayer and stayed in Mina, a dum (sacrifice of a sheep or goat) becomes obligatory upon you as a penalty.

However, if you did enter Muzdalifah but mistakenly believed it to be Mina, and performed the Wuquf, and supplications, and prayers there, no dam is required — provided that the location was indeed within the boundaries of Muzdalifah.

And Allah knows best.

Darul Ifta Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband